1. Fault Scarps: These are steep cliffs or slopes formed along the surface of a fault line when one side of the fault is uplifted or drops relative to the other. They are often visible after an earthquake or during tectonic movement.
2. Rift Valleys: Formed when land between two parallel faults sinks due to tensional forces pulling the crust apart. A famous example is the East African Rift Valley.
3. Horsts and Grabens:
- Horsts are raised blocks of land formed when the land between two faults is uplifted.
- Grabens are the opposite, where the block of land sinks between two faults. Horsts and grabens often form in regions experiencing extensional forces.
4. Tilted Blocks: These occur when faulting tilts large sections of the Earth's crust, causing one side of the block to be higher than the other. They often appear as sloping plateaus or ridges.
5. Fault-Block Mountains: These mountains form when large blocks of Earth's crust are uplifted along a fault line. An example is the Sierra Nevada mountain range in the U.S.
6. Escarpments: These are long, steep slopes or cliffs that form due to vertical displacement along a fault line, creating a sharp difference in elevation between two regions.
These landforms are direct results of tectonic movements and play an important role in shaping Earth's topography.